How To Register A Brand Name In Canada

This guide explores what trademarks are, how they can do good you lot and your organisation, and why registration is of import.

1. Understanding trademarks

To succeed in the business world, you need to ship the right bulletin and develop the right image. If people cannot pick your products or services out from the crowd, they might work with some other person or company that is easier for them to find.

In fact, some brand names that got famous in the 1920s for being reliable and high quality are withal leaders today. That is because the public likes what information technology knows and trusts. Companies spend millions of dollars taking care of their corporate image.

A registered trademark is one way to protect your corporate image. Registering your trademark gives yous legal title to information technology the way a deed gives you championship to a piece of real manor.

What is a trademark? A trademark is a sign or combination of signs used or proposed to be used past a person to distinguish their goods or services from those of others.

Over time, trademarks come to stand for non but the actual goods or services a person or company provides, but also the reputation of the producer. Trademarks are very valuable intellectual property.

There are several types of trademarks:

An ordinary trademark includes words, designs, tastes, textures, moving images, manner of packaging, holograms, sounds, scents, three-dimensional shapes, colours, or a combination of these used to distinguish the goods or services of one person or organization from those of others. For example, suppose you started a courier business organization that you chose to call Giddy-up. You could register these words equally a trademark (if you met all the legal requirements) for the service that you offer.
A certification mark can be licensed to many people or companies for the purpose of showing that sure appurtenances or services meet a defined standard. For instance, the Woolmark design, endemic by Woolmark Americas Ltd., is used on clothing and other goods.

People occasionally misfile trademarks with patents, copyrights, industrial designs and integrated excursion topographies. Like trademarks, these others are forms of intellectual holding. However, there are of import differences:

Trademarks may exist one or a combination of words, sounds, designs, tastes, colours, textures, scents, moving images, 3-dimensional shapes, modes of packaging or holograms, used to distinguish the goods or services of one person or organization from those of others.
Patents cover new and useful inventions (product, limerick, machine, process) or whatsoever new and useful improvement to an existing invention.
Copyright provides protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works (including computer programs) and other subject-matter known as performer'south performances, sound recordings and communication signals.
Industrial designs are the visual features of shape, configuration, design or ornament, or whatsoever combination of these features applied to a finished article.
Integrated circuit topographies are the three-dimensional configurations of electronic circuits embodied in integrated circuit products or layout designs.

Merchandise name vs. trademark

A trade proper noun is the name of your concern. A merchandise name can be registered nether the Trademarks Act but if it is also used as a trademark; that is, if it is used to identify goods or services.

For instance, permit us suppose that you lot own an ice cream business organisation and that your company is called "A.B.C. Ltd.".

Example 1: People know your ice cream under the name "A.B.C. Ltd." because you apply this name as a trademark that you place on your ice cream. You lot tin can therefore apply to annals the trade name "A.B.C. Ltd." as a trademark.

Example two: People know your ice cream by the proper name "N Pole", which is what you use to promote your product. Even though the name of your visitor is "A.B.C. Ltd," no ane thinks of that name when they remember of what you sell. In that instance, the name "A.B.C. Ltd." is not existence used equally a trademark but rather as a merchandise proper name.

Note: A trademark registration may exist cancelled if someone else in Canada has made use of a similar trade name or trademark in the past.

Registered trademark vs. unregistered trademark

When you register your trademark, you get the sole right to utilize the mark across Canada for 10 years. You can renew your trademark every x years after that.

A registered trademark is one that has been entered in the Annals of Trademarks. The certificate of registration is directly evidence that yous own the trademark.

You lot do not have to register your trademark; by using a trademark for a certain length of time, you may have rights under common law. All the same, if you use an unregistered trademark and terminate up in a dispute, y'all could exist looking at a long, expensive legal boxing over who has the right to apply it. If you lot fail to actually apply the mark for a long time, your registration may be taken off of the Register of Trademarks, which will brand it more difficult to prove legal ownership of the trademark.

Read about how to register trademarks outside of Canada subsequently in this Guide.

What you can and cannot register as a trademark

What you tin register

You can register any trademark that does not contravene the Trademarks Act. For more than detailed data, see the Trademarks Act.

What yous can't register

Trademarks that are generally unregistrable include the following:

Names and surnames

A trademark may not be registered if it is nada more than a name or surname.

An exception is if you lot can prove that your goods or services have become well known under the name or surname so that the word has acquired a second pregnant in the public mind.

Clearly descriptive marks

You may non register a trademark that clearly describes a characteristic or quality of your goods or services.

For instance, the words "sweetness" for ice cream, "juicy" for apples, and "perfectly clean" for dry-cleaner services could non exist registered every bit trademarks. All apples could be described as "juicy" and all ice cream as "sweet"; these are natural characteristics of the items. If y'all were allowed to register these words, no other apple sellers or ice cream vendors could use them to promote their goods, and that would exist unfair. But, again, if you tin can found that "Sugariness Ice Cream" has become so well known that people will immediately recall of your product (and no one else's) when they read or hear these words, you may be allowed to register the trademark.

Deceptively misdescriptive marks

You cannot register a trademark that is deceptively misleading. For example, you lot could not register "pikestaff sugar" for candy sweetened with artificial sweetener or "air express" for a courier service that uses footing transportation.

Identify of origin

You lot may not annals a trademark that describes the geographical location where the appurtenances or services come from. Allowing y'all to use such place names as your trademark would hateful you are the simply one who can apply the geographical place proper noun, and that would be unfair to others who trade in that place. For example, y'all could not register "Italy" for lasagna.

Likewise, you lot may not register a word that misleads the public into thinking that the goods or services come from a sure place when they do non. For example, you lot could not annals "Paris Fashions" or "Denmark Furniture" as a trademark for goods or services if they did non come from there.

Words in other languages

You may not annals trademarks that are the proper noun, in any linguistic communication, of the goods or services associated with your trademark. For example, you would not be able to annals the give-and-take "gelato" (Italian for "ice cream") in association with frozen confections; "anorak" (Inuktitut for "parka") in clan with outerwear; or "wurst" (German for "sausage") in association with meat.

Confusing with a registered or pending trademark

Beware of trademarks that are similar to some other trademark that is registered or is the discipline of a previously-filed awarding. If your trademark is confusingly similar to a registered trademark or a pending trademark, information technology will exist refused.

Trademark examiners look at many things when they decide whether trademarks are confusing, including:

whether the trademarks look or sound akin and whether they suggest like ideas
whether the trademarks are used to market place similar goods or services

Let'due south go dorsum to the example of "North Pole" water ice foam. Suppose another visitor were manufacturing and selling frozen-water products under the registered trademark "South Pole." The public could easily think that "North Pole" and "South Pole" products are made and sold by the same company, and may await that the trademarks would be owned past the same organization. That could mean your application to register "North Pole" would be turned downwardly considering it could crusade confusion with the registered mark "Due south Pole," which is endemic past another company.

For more data on confusingly similar trademarks, yous tin can refer to subsection 6(v) of the Trademarks Act.

Trademarks that are identical to, or likely to exist mistaken for, prohibited marks

Yous may non register a trademark that is identical or similar to sure official marks unless you take the permission from the arrangement that controls the marker. These official marks include:

official authorities designs (e.g., the Canadian flag)
coats of arms of the Royal Family
badges and crests such equally those of the Canadian Military machine and the letters RCMP
emblems and names of the Red Cantankerous, the Red Crescent, and the United Nations
armorial bearings (coats of artillery), flags and symbols of other countries
symbols of provinces, municipalities and public institutions

Subject thing that is scandalous, obscene, or immoral is also not immune. For example, your trademark may not include profane linguistic communication, obscene visuals or racial slurs.

Yous may non use portraits and signatures of living people or people who have died within the last 30 years. For example, using the photograph of an existing rock group to promote your tape store is not allowed unless you lot take their permission.

A few other things you cannot practice

Yous cannot register a trademark if it consists of a institute variety denomination (when a right is granted to the owner for control over the multiplying and selling of reproductive material for a particular plant variety) or is a mark and so most resembling a plant variety denomination that information technology is likely to exist mistaken for it, where the application covers the plant multifariousness or another establish diversity of the aforementioned species.

You cannot register a trademark that indicates the geographical origin of a vino, spirit, or agronomical product or food unless your goods are from that geographical area. For case, you could not register the trademark "Okanagan Valley" if the vino you are making is from Ontario.

Who can apply for registration?

In gild to be entitled to registration of a trademark, an applicant must be a "person". A "person" may be an private, partnership, trade union, association, joint venture, or corporation. An applicant tin include ii or more persons, for example "John Doe, Jane Smith".

How long does registration last?

Your registration lasts for 10 years from the appointment of registration. You may renew it every x years after that for a fee.

How much does an application cost?

You must pay an application fee when submitting your application for the registration of a trademark.

What to consider before filing an application

This guide will give y'all the bones information you need to file a trademark application. All the same, the Registrar cannot write your application for you, give you lot legal or business advice, or practice a search of trademarks for you.

Search the Canadian Trademarks Database

A practiced beginning stride is to practise a search of existing trademarks to check whether your trademark could be confusing with someone else's. Y'all do not take to exercise this, but it will assistance you know whether similar trademarks exist. If they do, you could end up infringing on someone'due south trademark, which could land you lot in court.

You tin can practice a search through the Canadian Trademarks Database. The listings encompass trademarks (active and inactive), official marks and prohibited marks. As soon equally the Registrar receives your application, it too becomes part of the public record.

To exercise a proper search, you will have to cheque for unlike possible versions of the trademark that you desire to register. For a standard character trademark (word or words), you should look for all possible spellings, including in French. For instance, if your trademark is "North Pole," you lot would search for "North", "Nord", and "Pole."

To start your search, visit the Canadian Trademarks Database. Use our tutorial to make the most of your search.

Search trade names

Before you lot become any farther, you should as well search trade names. Trade names are often used every bit trademarks - even if they are not registered.

Example of search trade names

The name of your company is "Northward Pole." A company chosen "South Pole" has never filed for trademark registration. However, if the name "S Pole" has become known for frozen-h2o products, the company could argue that information technology has rights in the name "South Pole" as a trade name and besides equally a trademark.

The Registrar would not have the name "South Pole" in its trademark records considering it does not annals trade names. "South Pole", however, could easily notice out that you are using "North Pole", either by doing a search of the Registrar's records or by seeing your application published in the Trademarks Journal on the website of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office. "South Pole" may then challenge your application during the opposition stage in the registration process.

Delight annotation that trade names can be recorded separately in each province nether provincial legislation. Therefore, there is no single, complete listing of merchandise names in Canada.

Since searching trade names can be quite complex, nosotros advise that yous hire a trademark agent to do the work for you lot.

Consider hiring a registered trademark agent

Preparing and following through on your trademark application can exist a complex process. Whoever does it needs a lot of noesis near trademark law and how the Registrar's role works.

Beware of unregistered trademark agents! They are not authorized to correspond applicants in the prosecution of trademarks applications.

A trademark agent will brand sure that your application is properly written and then that your trademark will be protected. This is peculiarly important if someone challenges your right to the trademark. You do not have to hire an agent but information technology is ofttimes appropriate to practise and then.

In one case you take an agent, the Registrar will correspond with that person. If you abolish that organisation, the Office will then correspond with you directly. Y'all may modify trademark agents or choose to no longer have ane at any time.

Consult the list of registered trademark agents should y'all wish to hire a registered trademark amanuensis to handle your file.

2. Filing a trademark application

Preparing a trademark application

A complete awarding includes:

the name and mailing address of the applicant
a representation or clarification, or both, of the trademark
a statement in specific and ordinary commercial terms of the appurtenances and services associated with the trademark
the argument of goods and services grouped according to the Dainty Classification
the application fee
any other requirements specific to the blazon of trademark sought to be registered

You must file a split awarding for each trademark that you wish to register. However, one application can embrace a number of appurtenances or services for a given trademark.

Representation or description

Your application must include a representation or description, or both, of the trademark which clearly indicates what is existence sought for registration.

The representation may incorporate more than one view of the trademark if multiple views are necessary for the trademark to exist clearly defined. In addition, the representation must not exceed 8cmx8cm in size.

For colour trademarks or trademarks that are claiming colour(s) as a feature, representations must exist submitted in colour, along with a description of the color(s) and where they announced in the trademark.

For audio and moving image trademarks, an electronic representation and a clarification of the trademark is required.

For more data on the representation and description requirements for non-traditional trademarks, delight refer to the Do notice on non-traditional trademarks.

Note: If yous wish to continue your trademark registered, you must register your trademark the way you will use it. In other words, yous must not change it in any manner, including changing the colour as you described it in your application.

Application fees

When y'all ship us an awarding to register a trademark, you must pay the application fee. The fee is made up of the base fee which includes one grade of appurtenances or services and some other fee for each boosted class of appurtenances or services.

Y'all can pay by credit card (VISA, MasterCard, or American Limited), direct payment, postal money order or bank check (postal coin orders and cheques must exist made payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver Full general for Canada). Practise not add federal and provincial taxes.

Filing your awarding

Yous may file your application and pay the fee online or you may transport your finished application with your payment by mail.

Filing date

Once the Registrar has received your awarding, staff will review it to make sure it is complete. If anything is missing, nosotros volition contact y'all to ask for more information. Once this process is finished, we will acknowledge that nosotros have received your application and requite it a filing date - that is, the date on which your application met all the filing requirements. This filing date is important since information technology is the date used to assess who is entitled to registration in the case of defoliation between co-awaiting trademarks.

You may change your awarding in some means after you have filed it. However, not all changes are acceptable. Certain changes will mean y'all have to file a new application.

The examination procedure

After the Function receives your awarding and grants it a filing date, nosotros:

search the trademark database to find any registered or pending trademark that is confusing with your trademark (if we find 1, we will inform you)
examine the application to brand sure information technology does not contravene the Trademarks Human action and Regulations, raise any objection to registering your trademark and inform you of any outstanding requirements
publish the application in the Trademarks Journal after which the public may file an opposition (challenge) to your application
register your trademark if no one opposes to your application (or if an opposition has been decided in your favour)

Examiners practice a thorough search of the trademarks database to brand certain that your trademark does not conflict with one already filed or registered.

Examination

The examiner assigned to your file reviews the search results, determines if the trademark is registrable, and decides whether your application can be approved for advertizement. The examiner will let you or your agent know of any objections, if there are any. You then have a take a chance to answer. If your answers practise not satisfy the examiner, you will get a letter explaining that your application has been refused and telling you why. If you receive a refusal, you accept the correct to appeal to the Federal Court of Canada.

Note: There is no special form for responding to an examiner'southward report unless you lot are asked to send a revised application.

Pre-publication search

Before a trademark is advertised in the Trademarks Periodical, the examiner performs second search (a pre-publication search) to make sure that no one has recently registered or applied for a trademark that would conflict with the one you want to register. If there is a conflict, the Registrar will tell you lot or your agent and ask for your comments.

Publication

If the pre-publication search does not bear witness any new confusing trademarks, we will annunciate the application in the Trademarks Journal published on our website every Wednesday. The Journal is the official publication that lists every application that has been approved for advertisement in Canada. It gives information about an application, including the name and address of the applicant, the file number, the filing date, the trademark, and the associated goods and services. Past advertising applications, we give others a chance to object to them before they are registered.

Opposition

Any person can oppose a trademark application advertised in the Trademarks Journal . The person must file either a statement of opposition or a request asking for more fourth dimension to oppose within ii months of the advertisement. The proper fee must be sent with the argument of opposition or the request for more than fourth dimension. The Registrar volition non allow whatever opposition that we consider to be frivolous.

If your application is opposed and y'all do not already have an amanuensis, we urge you to hire i at this point. The same is true if you wish to oppose someone else's application. You tin discover a list of agents here.

Opposition is a complex and frequently long process. Opposition proceedings are adversarial in nature and like to court proceedings. Both parties may file prove and written representations, cross-examine the evidence of the other party, and appear at an oral hearing. After a terminal decision is made, information technology may be appealed to the Federal Courtroom of Canada.

For more data, visit the Trademarks Opposition Board (TMOB) web pages on opposition proceedings or contact us.

Registration

If there is no opposition, or if an opposition has been decided in your favour, the Registrar will register your application and will not await at any further challenges. The Registrar will transport you a certificate of registration and enter the trademark in the Register of Trademarks.

Abandonment

If you exercise not answer to an examiner's study, the Registrar may consider your application to be abandoned. Earlier this happens, the Registrar will notify yous and requite you lot a chance to correct the situation within a specific time menstruum. If you exercise not reply within that fourth dimension, you volition have to file a new application (along with another fee).

Notation: If you do not notify the Registrar of a alter of address, the Registrar is not responsible for any correspondence that y'all or your agent practice not receive.

Communicating with the Office of the Registrar of Trademarks

Business concern with the Office of the Registrar of Trademarks is normally done in writing. All paper correspondence should exist addressed to:

Office of the Registrar of Trademarks
Canadian Intellectual Property Role
Innovation, Scientific discipline and Economical Development Canada
Place du Portage I
l Victoria Street, Room C114
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

Correspondence about opposition or summary expungement (section 45 of the Trademarks Act) must be clearly marked "Attention Opposition Board" or "Attention: Section 45 Proceedings", depending on the contents of the alphabetic character, and addressed to:

Trademarks Opposition Board
Canadian Intellectual Belongings Office
Innovation, Scientific discipline and Economic Development Canada
Place du Portage I
50 Victoria Street
Gatineau QC K1A 0C9

Fax: 819-953-CIPO (2476)

For more than information, please consult CIPO'southward correspondence procedures.

If you are asking about the status of your awarding and it has not yet been given to an examiner, you should contact the Client Service Eye. If your awarding has been given to an examiner, please utilise the contact number on the report sent to you by that examiner.

The Registrar volition respond to all questions, but cannot:

search the Canadian Trademarks Database for you
submit documents for registering transfers of ownership
give you legal communication, other than telling yous well-nigh the Trademarks Act, the Trademarks Regulations, and other information that you can become on our website

To find out the status of active opposition or summary expungement files, please see the Canadian Trademarks Database.

Electronic services

You lot can use our electronic services to:

file a trademark awarding
file an amended trademark application
group the goods and services of a registration co-ordinate to the classes of the Nice Classification system
renew a trademark registration
asking copies of trademark documents

Y'all tin use the TMOB's online web application to:

Opposition proceedings

file a statement of opposition
file a counter statement
submit the opponent's bear witness, or statement
submit the applicant's evidence, or statement
submit the opponent'south respond evidence
submit the opponent'south written representations, or statement
submit the applicant'south written representations, or statement
request a hearing
request an extension of time

Section 45 proceedings

request a section 45 find
submit the registered owner's evidence, or statement
submit the requesting party's written representations, or argument
submit the registered possessor's written representations, or argument
request a hearing
request an extension of fourth dimension

3. Registering a trademark outside Canada

Registering your trademark with the Registrar protects your rights in Canada only. If you lot wish to market place goods or services in other countries, you lot should recall nigh getting trademark registration(s) there also. For more than information, please refer to the International Trademarks under the Madrid Protocol or contact a trademark agent.

4. Expungement of a trademark registration

When someone registers a trademark, they gain a very valuable right. However, they tin lose that right (expungement, or removal, from the Register of Trademarks) unless they carry out specific responsibilities. A trademark registration can be expunged for several reasons, including: the trademark losing its distinctiveness, abandonment of the trademark, and non-use of the trademark.

Please contact CIPO'southward Client Service Centre if you demand more information.

5. Renewal fee

To maintain your trademark registration, you are required to pay a renewal fee every ten years. If you lot do not, your trademark will be expunged from the Register of Trademarks. The Registrar will ship you a notice with information about your payment deadline.

vi. Use in Canada (section 45 proceedings)

Some other of your responsibilities as the owner of a trademark is to employ the trademark in Canada. If you lot practice not utilise information technology, the registration could be expunged from the Register of Trademarks by the Registrar. The Registrar could start summary expungement proceedings, after iii years beginning on the solar day on which a trademark is registered, either on their own at any time during the life of the registration, or if some other party pays the proper fee and asks them to.

The procedure begins when the Registrar sends a notice to the registered owner asking them to provide evidence showing that the trademark has been used in Canada during the final three years or to prove that there are special circumstances that excuse the fact that the trademark has non been used. If the owner fails to reply to the Registrar, the trademark is liable to be expunged from the Register of Trademarks.

In one case the Registrar has received the requested bear witness, the owner and the other party can send in written arguments and also appear at an oral hearing. Afterwards the Registrar has made a final decision to expunge, amend or maintain the registration, the owner or other political party can appeal to the Federal Court of Canada.

The process we have outlined here is complex. Nosotros recommend that you use a registered trademarks agent to help you through it.

For more information, visit our web page on section 45 proceedings or contact us.

7. Transfers

A trademark is a form of property. You tin can sell, bequeath or transfer your rights to someone else through an assignment. To avoid ownership disagreements, you lot should formally tell the Registrar near changes in ownership.

You should also tell the Registrar about anything else that affects the ownership a trademark, such as a modify of proper name or a business organisation merger.

8. Marking requirements

There is no legal requirement to marking your trademark with any particular symbol. However, many owners utilise the post-obit symbols to testify that their trademark is registered:

R (registered)
TM (trademark)
SM (service mark)
MC (marque de commerce)

9. Policing your trademark

It is up to you to make certain nobody is using your trademark without your permission and to accept action if someone does. Y'all may wish to take action if you come up beyond a trademark or a merchandise name that could exist dislocated with your registered trademark, as you do not desire anyone imitating your trademark.

There is a skillful reason for this, beyond simply the imitation. If your business concern is successful and someone imitates your trademark, it may be in danger of condign a generic term. For example, if consumers start saying "Due north Pole" when they mean any ice cream, in the same way that the trademark "zipper" is now what nearly everyone says when they mean "slide fastener", the rights in your trademark may no longer be enforceable.

10. Common errors

Before you file your trademark application, take some fourth dimension to become through the following checklist. The fewer errors yous make, the more than quickly your awarding will become through.

Fee

Think that each application must be accompanied past an application fee (non-refundable).

Annotation: You tin can pay past credit card (VISA, MasterCard, or American Express), straight payment, postal money lodge or cheque (the postal money society or cheque must exist made payable, in Canadian dollars, to the Receiver Full general for Canada). Practice not add federal and provincial taxes.

Goods or services

You lot may not use a trademark registered by someone else to depict your goods or services. Many registered trademarks accept get function of everyday language, but you cannot employ them to describe your appurtenances or services. A few examples are "yo-yo," "bubble wrap," and "kleenex".

Make sure that you include all the appurtenances or services with which y'all plan to utilise, or have used, your trademark, and that they are grouped co-ordinate to the classes of the Nice Nomenclature. You lot may not expand the scope of goods or services later on you have filed the application.

The Trademarks Deed states that the description of the goods or services you are applying for must be in specific and ordinary commercial terms. In other words, your application should use common names for the appurtenances and services and use wording that is as complete and equally specific every bit possible (east.one thousand., shirts, bread, sofas, etc.). To help y'all with this, the Goods and Services Transmission list acceptable wording for many appurtenances and services. It also gives guidelines for how to identify appurtenances and services not listed.

xi. Case of a trademark awarding

To the Registrar of Trademarks, Gatineau, Canada.

The applicant, DEF Inc., whose full post office accost of its master office or identify of business organisation is 456 Number Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, D4E 5F6, applies for the registration of the trademark identified beneath.

The trademark is a design, the representation of which is shown below:

Representation of a trademark design

Statement of goods and services

Class 25

Blouses, sweaters, pants, skirts, socks, underwear and pyjamas.

Grade 35

Operation of an online retail clothing store; performance of an online retail jewellery store.

Additional Information

Websites of interest

The following are a few websites you may find helpful.

General interest

Full general interest

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

The Canadian Intellectual Belongings Function, which includes the Trademarks Part, is a special operating agency of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada.

Corporations Canada

Helps Canadians comprise, maintain and operate businesses, not-for-profit corporations, and other corporate entities.

Canada Business Network

This is a single access point for federal and provincial/territorial government services, programs and regulatory requirements for businesses.

Institute Breeders' Rights Office (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)

This office oversees the Institute Breeders' Rights Act and Plant Breeders' Rights Regulations, which protect the legal right of establish breeders for their new constitute varieties.

Intellectual property

Canadian Trademarks Database

This is a searchable database of all active and inactive trademark applications and registrations in Canada. It also shows the condition of all agile opposition and summary expungement (department 45) cases.

Trademarks Opposition Lath

Oversees and provides information about trademark opposition and summary expungement proceedings (section 45 proceedings) in Canada.

WIPO Intellectual Property Digital Library

Provides access to intellectual holding data collections hosted past the World Intellectual Holding Organization (WIPO).

U.s.a. Patent and Trademark Office—English language content only

Processes patent and trademark applications and provides information, resources and services for trademarks and their registration in the The states.

Related acts and case police force

Related acts and case constabulary

Precious Metals Marker Act

Sets out the rules for using quality marks for precious metals. This helps forbid the registration of trademarks that may be misread equally quality marks.

Bank Human activity

Regulates Canada's chartered banks, and restricts the use of the term "cyberbanking services" in gild to prevent unauthorized utilize of this term.

Canada Post Corporation Act

Regulates post in Canada and prohibits unauthorized use of words such as "mail", "letter", and "post" and the unauthorized auction of postage stamps.

Federal Court of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions made by the judges of the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Entreatment.

Supreme Court of Canada

Provides a searchable database of all decisions fabricated past the Supreme Court of Canada.